In response to the sudden and severe epidemic, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued a series of instructions, pointing out the direction of efforts and providing fundamental follow-up for winning the battle against the epidemic. To implement the spirit of General Secretary Jinping's important instructions, it is necessary to "in response to the shortcomings and deficiencies exposed in the response to this epidemic, improve the national emergency management system, and improve the ability to handle urgent, difficult, and difficult tasks."

Scientific assessment of various problems encountered in response to emergencies

Scientific assessment of various problems encountered in response to emergencies is an important foundation for improving the national emergency management system. It must be noted that my country’s emergencies in major areas such as natural disasters, safe production, public health, and social security are still prone to frequent occurrences. This basic judgment is the basic prerequisite for doing a good job in emergency management and improving the emergency management system. At present, from the perspective of public health alone, the risks of legally reported infectious diseases such as plague and cholera, sudden acute infectious diseases, imported infectious diseases from abroad, and misuse of biotechnology are increasing, and the foundation of food and drug safety is still weak. The prevention and control of public health incidents has become more difficult. There are more than 5,950 kinds of viruses (pathogens) found in the world, and there are 320,000 mammalian viruses that need to be discovered by people. The potential for public health emergencies is high. From the perspective of natural factors and social factors, the current risk of infectious disease epidemic is still relatively high. The rapid spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic and its serious consequences are proof. In terms of natural conditions, global warming, ecosystem imbalances, and microbial evolution have all provided possible conditions for the epidemic of infectious diseases. From the perspective of social conditions, with the in-depth development of globalization, people’s social scope has continued to expand, and cross-border and transnational population flows have accelerated. These have also provided conditions for the spread of imported infectious diseases. At present and for a long period of time in the future, the task of responding to public health emergencies will be more onerous and arduous.

This epidemic is a big test of our country's governance system and ability. We must sum up our experience and learn lessons. Judging from the current situation of my country's emergency management system and the preliminary assessment of the response to the epidemic, there are still some obvious shortcomings in the construction of my country's emergency management system, especially the construction of the health emergency system. First, the catastrophe emergency preparedness is not sufficient, some emergency risk analysis and judgment and in-depth management are not in place, the precise monitoring and early warning capabilities are insufficient, and the basic emergency management capabilities need to be strengthened urgently. The second is the lack of rescue equipment and core capabilities of professional emergency teams, and the serious shortage of equipment for catastrophe emergency. The third is the unreasonable management of medical emergency material reserves, the efficiency of rapid dispatch and delivery is not high enough, the mechanism of resource sharing and emergency expropriation compensation needs to be improved, the sharing of information resources is not sufficient, emergency information release and dissemination capabilities need to be strengthened, and the foundation for emergency technological innovation is relatively weak and results The conversion rate is not high enough, and the emergency protection capability of some typical emergencies risks needs to be greatly improved. Fourth, my country's urban development has entered a new era, and the pressure on the construction of an emergency management system that is compatible with urban safety is increasing, and the construction of emergency medical facilities in some areas is insufficient. Fifth, the emergency response capabilities of some grassroots units are weak, and many cadres lack the basic literacy and specialized training of emergency management, the degree of social organization of public participation in emergency management is low, public safety awareness and self-help capabilities are still weak, and the whole society is coordinated The response mechanism needs to be improved. Sixth, the emergency management regulations and standards system is not perfect, and some policy guarantee measures are not perfect.

Speed up the improvement of the national emergency management system

The construction of an emergency management system is a systematic project involving many elements and issues such as national top-level design, construction goals, development priorities, grassroots governance, emergency teams, command and dispatch, technical configuration, scientific support, performance management, etc., which directly affect the overall safety and security of a country. Sustainable development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the construction of an emergency management system. The Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party clearly stated that it is necessary to strengthen, optimize, and coordinate the construction of national emergency response capabilities, and build a unified leadership, consistent power and responsibility, and an authoritative and efficient national emergency response capability system. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated when presiding over the nineteenth collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, "We must give full play to the characteristics and advantages of our country's emergency management system, learn from foreign emergency management practices, and actively promote the modernization of our country's emergency management system and capabilities." This year is the year of planning for the construction of the "14th Five-Year Plan" emergency management system. This plan will also be the first emergency management system plan formulated after the establishment of the Emergency Management Department. It is critical to the development of China's future emergency management system. In the formulation of the emergency management system construction plan, on the basis of scientific assessment of the major safety risks facing our country, especially in combination with the outstanding problems encountered in this epidemic, we must make great efforts to optimize our country's emergency management system and pay attention to it. The following works well.

On the one hand, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen emergency risk management and consolidate basic capabilities at the grassroots level as the focus of my country's emergency management system construction. Adhere to the views and lines of the masses, adhere to social co-governance, improve the civic safety education system, promote safety propaganda into enterprises, rural areas, communities, schools, and families, strengthen public welfare propaganda, popularize safety knowledge, cultivate safety culture, and develop normalcy We will conduct emergency evacuation drills to support and guide community residents to carry out risk investigation and management, actively promote safety risk grid management, and build a strong civil defense line for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief. Pay attention to promoting the establishment of an emergency management work pattern that combines government leadership and social participation, mobilization of the whole people, and coordination and linkage. Guide the public to increase their awareness of risk prevention, urge enterprises and institutions to actively perform the main responsibility of safety management, and comprehensively enhance the risk prevention capabilities of the entire society. Incorporate public safety and education such as health and health into the national education and spiritual civilization construction system, improve the public security social psychological intervention system, and improve the public security awareness and emergency response skills of the whole people. Pay great attention to the initial response capacity building of basic units and leading cadres, pay attention to strengthening the basic capacity building of grassroots and individual protection, monitoring and early warning, information reporting, coordination and cooperation, continue to promote the grassroots training of "first responders", and strengthen the whole society Emergency science popularization and education will effectively strengthen the disaster resistance of the whole society.

On the other hand, we must pay attention to the actual combat needs and major risk challenges of emergency management, and solve some bottlenecks. Construct a comprehensive, scientific, standardized, and effective emergency management legal system, and revise, improve, and study and formulate relevant laws as soon as possible. Continue to organically and effectively integrate emergency resources in disaster prevention and mitigation, safety production, fire rescue, public health, etc., make full use of existing stock resources, and plan and allocate incremental resources. Scientifically deploy emergency rescue forces, build a three-dimensional, all-weather, all-disaster, high-level comprehensive emergency rescue system, and study aviation, high-speed rail, water emergency rescue force delivery methods and other guarantee mechanisms. Pay attention to formulating an evaluation and supervision work mechanism to ensure the effective implementation of the emergency management system construction plan.

Strive to improve the ability to handle urgent, difficult, dangerous and heavy tasks

To effectively respond to the major risks and challenges facing our country, we must adhere to the bottom line thinking, adhere to the overall national security concept, fully consider the major strategic security risks we face, scientifically study and judge and carefully sort out the urgent, difficult and dangerous tasks that may be faced, and we must do a good job The following aspects of work.

One is to comprehensively strengthen capacity building to respond to typical major risks. Strengthen the scientific research and judgment of major risks, emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, emergency response, decision-making and command, and social restoration. Through methods such as catastrophe risk assessment, scenario planning, and typical case analysis, research and establish large-scale infectious diseases, major earthquakes, major floods, nuclear safety and other “risks” and “risk scenarios (scenarios) combinations” that may hinder the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation , To study the construction of core emergency management capabilities to deal with major risks and challenges. Pay attention to combining major real challenges, and make systematic improvements and upgrades. For example, in combination with the response to this epidemic, we can improve the relevant legislation for epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the construction of supporting systems, revise and improve relevant regulations and working documents, further optimize emergency response procedures, strengthen the construction of professional emergency teams, optimize the layout of national health emergency teams, and improve The construction of national emergency medical rescue bases and regional emergency medical rescue centers will construct an emergency medical rescue network that is three-dimensional, comprehensive and specialized in land, sea and air. Improve emergency medical rescue teams at all levels, scientifically strengthen the reserves of emergency medical and other related materials, and establish a long-term mechanism for team operation and maintenance. Coordinate the construction of national aviation medical rescue and transshipment capabilities, and strengthen long-range aviation large-scale delivery capabilities and self-protection capabilities under extreme conditions. Improve the authoritative expert database for national health emergency management and guidance, and vigorously build grassroots emergency psychological intervention and rescue teams.

The second is to comprehensively strengthen the role of scientific and technological support. Combining with the actual needs of urgent, difficult, dangerous and heavy tasks, using big data, cloud computing and other new technologies to improve the collection of emergency professional information, monitoring and early warning, emergency decision-making, and command and dispatch capabilities. Strengthen emergency information collection capabilities and rapid reporting capabilities under complex conditions. Promote interconnection, data exchange, system docking, and information resource sharing among various emergency platforms. Strengthen the construction of the emergency basic database, study and formulate relevant emergency information resource catalogs and technical standards and specifications required to deal with urgent, difficult and dangerous tasks. Pay attention to the use of new media technology to promptly and accurately respond to social concerns in urgent, difficult and dangerous tasks, and correctly guide public opinion in emergencies.

The third is to comprehensively improve the ability of emergency management cadres to deal with urgent, difficult, dangerous and heavy tasks. Vigorously improve the emergency management training system, strengthen the construction of emergency management related disciplines, increase the training of masters, improve the curriculum, develop emergency management education and on-the-job education, train emergency management professionals, and improve the awareness of emergency management of leaders at all levels , Policy level, theoretical and practical capabilities. Promote the construction of related supporting systems such as professional qualification certification and performance management of emergency management personnel.

〔The author is the director (dean) and professor of the Central Party School (National School of Administration) Emergency Management Training Center (China-Europe Emergency Management School)